Impacto de Tecnologías de la Información en la cadena de suministros agropecuaria. Una revisión bibliográfica
Resumen
El estudio analizó el impacto de las tecnologías de la información (TI) IoT, blockchain, big data, inteligencia artificial y computación en la nube en la gestión de la cadena de suministro agropecuaria durante los años 2015-2025. Mediante una revisión sistemática conforme a la declaración PRISMA, se consultaron las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO y Redalyc; se definieron descriptores combinados sobre TI y logística agropecuaria, y se aplicaron criterios de inclusión/exclusión rigurosos. De 1034 registros iniciales se seleccionaron 59 artículos pertinentes. Los resultados evidenciaron que la integración de sensores, analítica y contratos inteligentes mejora la trazabilidad, reduce pérdidas y facilita decisiones en tiempo real; la combinación blockchain-IoT refuerza la transparencia, mientras que la analítica de big data disminuye desperdicios. Las etiquetas tiempo temperatura extienden la vida útil de productos cárnicos, optimizando recursos. No obstante, persisten barreras de infraestructura, costos y capacidades especialmente en pymes que limitan la adopción y generan asimetrías frente a grandes empresas. Se concluye que la convergencia de TI constituye una palanca estratégica para cadenas de suministro agropecuarias más eficientes, resilientes y sostenibles; su plena materialización exige políticas de apoyo, estandarización de datos y programas de capacitación
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